Discussion: Modifications in cell processes
This is a case where a 42 year-old male presents with new onset tremors and muscle rigidity. He also has changes in his gait. These symptoms are suggestive of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), which is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Although the cause is not known, it is thought to involve a combination of genetics and environment factors.
Genetics is a key factor in PD. Studies have shown that several genes are linked to the condition, such as SNCA and LRRK2, GBA, among others. The accumulation of abnormal proteins such as alphasynuclein can be caused by mutations in these genes. PD may also be caused by factors outside of the body, like toxins and brain injury.
Because of the changes that take place in cells in the brain responsible for controlling movement, the patient presents with certain symptoms such as muscle rigidity and tremors. A decrease in dopamine levels in the substantia nigra area of the brain is caused by a reduction in dopaminergic neuron activity. This is a vital neurotransmitter for controlling movement. A decrease in dopamine leads to a breakdown in communication between the substantia nigra region and the other brain regions, resulting from the motor symptoms associated with PD.
In the above scenario, the physiologic reaction to the stimuli is the destruction of dopaminergic neuronal cells in the substantia nigra area of the brain. This leads to a decline in dopamine. The accumulation of abnormal proteins such as alphasynuclein in cells leads to degeneration and death.
Dopaminergic neurons are located in the brain’s substantia-nigra region. They are responsible for this process. They are involved in the creation of dopamine which is a neurotransmitter essential to control movement. These motor symptoms are caused by the loss of dopamine neurons.
Gender or genetics could also influence the likelihood of developing PD. Research has shown that PD can be more prevalent in males than females, with some genetic mutations increasing the likelihood of the condition. Regardless of the individual characteristics of the patient, understanding how genetics and environment factors play a role in PD diagnosis and treatment is crucial.