What statistical test did the researchers use to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in levels of self-esteem between the boys and the girls?

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To determine whether there were statistically significant differences in self-esteem levels between boys and girls, the researchers employed a Two-Tailed Independent Samples T-test. This is a test that compares mean differences on continuous variables between two groups. In this case, the independent samples t test assumes that the variances of both the groups are equal. It is possible, however that the variance of self-esteem between girls and boys may differ.

First, they calculated the self-esteem mean for each group. Next, they performed an independent t-test on these results. Assuming that both sets of data were normally distributed (i.e., bell shaped curve), they could calculate a p value to identify whether or not there was a statistically significant difference between them (p<0.05). If the p value turned out to be less than 0.05, then we can conclude that there is indeed a statistically significant difference in self-esteem levels between boys and girls, but if it turns out to be greater than 0.05 then we cannot make any conclusions about their difference since it would suggest that their means are not significantly different from one another at α level 0.05

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