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According to my professional belief, anxiety disorders result from complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors. Effective interventions need to consider all aspects of the problem, not just reduce treatment options for medication. Particularly for panic disorder with agoraphobia, (PD/A), cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) has proven to be the best approach for symptom management.
CBT was first shown to be effective in treating PD/A for people who have co-occurring disorders (Garcia et.al., 2016,). Psychoeducation and exposure strategies are two of the CBT concepts that therapists use to help clients navigate fearful situations. This approach, as demonstrated by Garcia and colleagues, can result in symptomatic relief.
Second, meta-analyses have established that CBT is indeed more effective than control conditions such as waitlist or placebo (Kjølbye et al., 2019). Further research has noted greater improvement among those receiving individual versus group approaches when considering both short and long term effects on symptom severity (Clarke & De Young, 2018). These findings show that specialized attention one-on-one is essential for patients with PD/A. This allows them to learn coping strategies that will allow their quality of living to improve.
Finally, many studies exploring the effectiveness of CBT have also unearthed additional benefits associated with adjunctive mindfulness techniques incorporated into sessions (Lerner & Kendall Phillips 2008; Evans et al., 2017). The use of calming breathing exercises has been shown to increase the effectiveness of traditional cognitive restructuring techniques while simultaneously promoting relaxation, improved concentration and better communication between provider and patient.
Working within a biopsychosocial framework, using evidence-based techniques such as mindfulness exercises and CBT, we can provide the best possible support for individuals with PD/A. We also offer personalized tools that they might use when facing difficult moments or obstacles in their lives.
References:
Clarke JHV & De Young ACP 2018 Therapist behaviors matter in group Cogntive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia Clinical Psyhchology Science Prcatice 25(4):451–463
Evans S Maseda A Pyzalski J 2017 Mindfulness Emotion Regulation Group Therapy Curb Anxiety Symptoms Among College Students Journal Of American College Health 65(6): 466–476
Gacia L Zarza PC Ruiz R Redondo JC Anguiano MT 2016 Psychological Treatment Of Panic Disorder Comorbid With Depression Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy Versus Psychoeducation Psychiatry Research 240 :218–224 Kjølbye M Rasmussen MB Rosenberg N Hofvander B Larsson H 2019 Effectiveness Of Cognitive Behaviormo Ttherapy For Adults With Panic Disorder Or Agoraphobia Systematic Review And Meta‐Analysis Cognitive Behaviour Therpya 48(2):128–150 Lerner YM Kendall PC 2008 Comparative Evaluation On The Impact Of Relaxation Training Versus Mindful Self Control Training On Adoleescent Anxiety In An Outpatient Setting Journal of Child And Adolescent Pyschopharmacology 18 :543–550